Chinese scientists have made significant strides in the field of nanotechnology with the development of an innovative 'ice tattoo' technology, marking the first successful use of ice-carving techniques to create precise nanoscale patterns on living organisms. This groundbreaking research was conducted at Westlake University located in Zhejiang Province.

These intricate microscopic 'tattoos' not only demonstrate ultra-high precision but also exhibit remarkable biocompatibility, opening up new avenues for advancements in medical nanodevices and microrobots. The researchers published their findings in the esteemed journal Nano Letters.

"This innovative approach replaces conventional photoresist materials with ice," stated Yang Zhirong, the lead author of the paper. The process involves etching patterns directly into an ice layer using an electron beam, which helps avoid contamination issues linked to traditional resist removal, making it suitable for various biological applications.

In their study, researchers focused on tardigrades, also known as 'water bears,' which are tiny organisms measuring less than one millimeter. Tardigrades are renowned for their incredible resilience, able to survive extreme conditions such as high and low temperatures, desiccation, radiation, and exposure to toxic environments.

The experimental process involved placing the tardigrades in a cryptobiotic state, effectively halting their metabolism. They were then coated with a specialized nanoscale organic ice film. Upon exposure to the electron beam, stable, solid patterns were created on the tardigrades at room temperature.

Subsequent tests confirmed that these newly applied 'tattoos' remained intact even when the organisms were stretched, immersed in solvents, or dehydrated, further demonstrating the durability of this innovative method.

"This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize microbial sensors, bio-inspired devices, and living microrobots," Yang noted. He envisions a future where ice-carving technology could be applied to bacteria and viruses, merging living systems with mechanical components to enhance overall performance.

(Cover: The 3D model of a tardigrade. /VCG)