China is experiencing a notable increase in human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections since mid-December 2024, generating health concerns primarily among children and the elderly. Amidst fears of a new viral threat, health officials have clarified that HMPV is not a novel virus but a longstanding respiratory illness that is often overlooked.

Domestic media reports have documented a rise in cases, with many individuals reporting symptoms akin to flu, such as dizziness. This has sparked speculation about the emergence of a new pathogen, despite reassurances from medical professionals.

Interestingly, the United States encountered a similar surge in HMPV cases around April 2024, prompting discussions in the media about its status as a 'little-known' respiratory virus.

Experts in China have stressed that HMPV is not a new threat. Zheng Lishu, a researcher at the Institute of Virology of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, explained that HMPV is a common virus that has been in circulation for over 60 years but was primarily recognized in the early 2000s due to its slow growth rate and non-specific clinical symptoms.

"Most individuals will find that symptoms improve over the course of about a week," Zheng reassured, highlighting the usual nature of the illness.

Ruan Zhengshang, the deputy head of the infectious diseases department at Xinhua Hospital in Shanghai, cautioned against self-diagnosis based solely on flu-like symptoms such as fever or dizziness. He noted that HMPV shares symptoms with various respiratory conditions, including cough, nasal congestion, fatigue, gastrointestinal issues, and even high fever.

"It is important not to make assumptions regarding influenza, HMPV, and other respiratory infections based only on the severity of fever or dizziness," Ruan advised. He recommended that individuals seek medical assistance should symptoms worsen.

In terms of treatment and prevention, while most HMPV cases are mild, Tang Lanfang, head of the respiratory diseases department at Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, indicated that some children could develop pneumonia after infection. She stressed the need for close monitoring of vulnerable groups, including children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems.

Experts resemble guidance from the U.S. CDC by advocating for supportive care, noting the absence of specific antiviral treatments or a vaccine for HMPV. Key recommendations include rest, a light diet, and proper attire, alongside preventive practices such as wearing masks, frequent hand washing, maintaining good ventilation, and avoiding crowded places.